Details are not known about other tests, although she reportedly served as a target for P-15 Termit (SS-N-2 Styx) missiles and a wide variety of armor-piercing munitions. These preparations were very time-consuming and it wasn't until mid-July 1956 that it could be pulled off the rocks into Sevastopol harbor where she was given more permanent repairs. [33][34] Commissioned into the Northern Fleet, Kirov was the largest surface warship, excluding aircraft carriers and amphibious assault vessels, built since the end of the Second World War. One barrel was completed in December 1953 for evaluation purposes after the ships were canceled earlier that year. The proposal was dropped because both types would have needed a fully stabilized launching platform to give them any chance of hitting their targets and that the ballistic missiles would need three hours of preparation time. The Stalingrads also had Neptun and Nord navigational radars. Traverse speed was 20° per second. Its rate of fire was 75 rounds per minute and 800 rounds were carried for each gun. The Kronshtadt-class battlecruisers, with the Soviet designation as Project 69 heavy cruisers, were ordered for the Soviet Navy in the late 1930s. It had a range of 80 km (50 mi) against aerial targets and 20 km (12 mi) against surface targets. Maximum speed was 35.5 knots (65.7 km/h; 40.9 mph). TsKB-17 was able to produce a preliminary technical design that met Stalin's demands by the end of the year, an amazingly fast amount of time for what should have been a very involved process. Armament was also revised to nine 220 mm guns, sixteen 130 mm guns, thirty-two 45-millimeter (1.8 in) and twenty 23-millimeter (0.91 in) AA guns. Several other attempts were made using explosive charges to create shock waves that would pivot her stern into deeper water in combination with tugs attempting to pull her around, but these were counterproductive in that several holes were blown in her sides which flooded several compartments and grounded her that much more firmly. The design was reimagined in 1944, intended to operate along with the Sverdlov-class cruisers and proposed aircraft carriers to make up powerful task forces able to challenge the American fleet. The citadel armor was intended to provide an immunity zone against 8 in (200 mm) armor-piercing shells at ranges between 13,000–15,000 yards (12,000–14,000 m) and 34,000 yards (31,000 m). There are a total of [ 67 ] WW2 Battleships (1939-1945) entries in the Military Factory. During the Cold War, Russia built four 252m long, 28,000 ton monsters: Huge, heavily armoured ‘battlecruisers’ specifically designed to carry a cargo of high powered, long range missiles. "[10] The triple bottom underneath the armored citadel was believed to protect the ship against a charge equivalent to 500 kg (1,100 lb) of TNT 5 metres (16 ft) below the ship's hull. So you would think there is. The Kirov class, Soviet designation Project 1144 Orlan (sea eagle), is a class of nuclear-powered guided missile cruisers of the Soviet Navy and Russian Navy, the largest and heaviest surface combatant warships (i.e. [22], The first ship was begun in November 1951 and the other two followed in 1952; a fourth was apparently ordered from the Severodvinsk shipyard, but was cancelled before being laid down. 50 mm (2.0 in) of armor covered the hull side above the belt as protection from splinters. This list may not reflect recent changes . Read full article. The Stalingrad-class battlecruiser, also known in the Soviet Union as Project 82 (Russian: Тяжёлые крейсера проекта 82), was intended to be built for the Soviet Navy after World War II. The start of World War Islowed their construction still further as the foreign orders were often not delivered and domestic production was diverted into things more i… The Navy saw no reason why new ships, reflecting wartime experience, could not be laid down beginning in 1948. A 125 mm upper and 175-millimeter (6.9 in) lower grating protected the boilers from shells and fragments entering through the uptake openings. [10], Eight 750-kilowatt (1,010 hp) turbo-generators drove the 380V, 50 Hz electrical system in addition to four 1,000-kilowatt (1,300 hp) Diesel generators located outside each end of the armored citadel for a total capacity of 10,000 kW. Print; Email ; In the interwar period the battleship “Marat” was considered a symbol of the naval power of the Soviet Union. [17], The main air-search radar was the Giuis-2 (NATO designation Cross Bird), a Soviet development of the wartime British Type 291 radar. Four were ordered shortly afterward, but the beginning of the Great Purge in August 1937 hindered the completion of the design process and the project was cancelled in early 1938 after being criticized as too weak in comparison to foreign ships. It was later determined that they could be used, so the agreement was finalized in November 1940 with the deliveries scheduled from October 1941 to 28 March 1943. [1] This concept was very different from the primary roles for the battlecruiser envisioned by the British Royal Navy and the Imperial German High Seas Fleet, which consisted of scouting for the main battle fleet and attacking enemy reconnaissance forces. [7] The Soviet Navy gave consideration to completing the ships; initially, Izmail and Borodino were looked at, with a view to finishing one or both to their original design, but the lack of available 12-inch (305 mm) guns, combined with the complexity of the originally designed electrical system, led to the idea being dropped. Design work had just started when the German invasion of the Soviet Union opened and the design was put on hold. When Frunze was commissioned in 1984, it was seen to have a different weapons fit to Kirov, with the pair of single 100 mm guns swapped for a twin 130-millimetre (5.1 in) turret, and the SS-N-14 Silex ASW missile system deleted in favour of adding eight SA-N-9 Gauntlet SAM launchers. When they said no, he then asked if any twin 380-millimeter (15 in) turrets were available instead. The missiles penetrated the upper and main decks and devastated the upper hull, but there was no appreciable change in the ship's draught. The goal of this site is two fold. It was to be armored to withstand 203 mm shells with a speed not less than 36 knots (67 km/h; 41 mph), a range of 10,000 nautical miles (19,000 km; 12,000 mi) at 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph) and able to carry four seaplanes launched by two catapults. This radar is called by the NATO observers "Top Pair". Military Weapons Military Aircraft Us Navy Soviet Navy Norwegian Air Peter The Great Naval Military Photos Navy Ships. The incomplete hulls of both ships were ordered scrapped in 1947. It was first built in the time of the Soviet Union. Krupp had six incomplete turrets on hand that had originally been ordered before the war to rearm the Scharnhorst-class battleships, but they had been cancelled after the start of World War II. Between the middle and lower decks the funnel uptakes were protected by 100 mm of armor and 30 mm (1.2 in) between the upper and middle decks. Twenty years later the Soviet Navy issued a requirement for a ship capable of dealing with enemy cruisers, but the design began to grow as it was modified to allow for combat with German pocket battleships on even terms, and later modified to gain parity with the Scharnhorst-class battleships. These ranged in length from 40–169 mm (1.6–6.7 in) and totally invalidated all calculations about the amount of force required to free her. The battleship held its swan song in World War 2, superceded by the powerful and more tactically valuable aircraft carrier. The gun fired .281-kilogram (0.62 lb) shells at a muzzle velocity of 900 m/s (3,000 ft/s) to a maximum effective range of 2,400–2,800 m (2,600–3,100 yd). Solentse-1P infrared detectors were carried on either side of the superstructure. The roots of the Project 82-class began back in May 1941 when the Main Naval Staff approved tactical requirements (Russian: Operativno Takticheskoye Zadanie, OTZ) for a medium-sized cruiser between the light cruisers of the Kirov and Chapayev classes, and the Kronshtadts. It refused to begin detailed design work pleading the uncertainty of the post-war building situation and the already heavy workload of its design bureau. ‘Battle Cruiser’ is not a category of warship that is used very often, not since World War II. The remainder of the armor was intended to resist 6-inch (152 mm) high explosive shells and 500-kilogram (1,100 lb) HE bombs. Meanwhile in Russia, Moscow is still trying to squeeze life out of its Kirov-class battlecruisers. The biggest and heaviest warship in the world is Russian – the Kirov – class Battlecruiser. The ships were launched in 1915–1916, but the outbreak of the Russian Revolution in 1917 put a stop to their construction, which never resumed. And the unnamed ship was intended to be 5.2% along, but was only 2.5% complete. We are not considering conducting oceanic battles, but instead will fight close to our own shores, so we do not need a large ammunition supply on the ship. [3], This was reaffirmed by a decree of the Council of Ministers on 28 January 1947. [41] However, in April 2019 it was announced that both Admiral Ushakov and Admiral Lazarev were to be finally withdrawn and broken up. Embodying all the strengths and weaknesses of Fisher’s battlecruiser concept, Lion was every inch a thoroughbred. [42][43] Once Admiral Nakhimov has rejoned the fleet, Pyotr Velikiy is planned to undergo a similar modernization. A fourth ship was apparently ordered from Yard 402, but was never laid down. This design was approved by the Council of Ministers on 25 March 1950. Among modern warships, they are second in size only to large aircraft carriers, and of similar size to a World War I era battleship. American aircraft carriers were a threat to not only the Soviet mainland but also Moscow’s nuclear missile submarines, and were to be taken out as quickly as possible. Fakel-MO and Fakel-MZ antenna comprised the IFF system. Presumably the thinner thicknesses were at the ends of the ships where the bulkheads were squeezed together. [1], The project was revived in 1943 with a new requirement issued on 15 September. Traverse speed was 4.5° per second and each turret was ordinarily remotely controlled from the More-82 main fire control director, but could be locally controlled if necessary. Three preliminary designs were proposed in response, but only one, which displaced 25,000 tonnes (25,000 long tons), was able to meet all of the requirements. [10], Korall radar-jammers were mounted on either side of the mainmast as well as a Machta system on the foremast. All three were begun during the First World War, and represent the second generation of battlecruisers. [22], Stalingrad's hull was towed from Nikolayev on 19 May 1955 by three tugs, but was driven ashore by high winds on 23 May at the southern entrance to Sevastopol Bay. Initial attempts to pull it off the rocks by brute force failed, and the capsizing of the battleship Novorossiysk further delayed salvage work, so that she was not freed until mid-1956. … [14], Forty 25-millimeter (0.98 in) 79-caliber AA guns were carried in ten quadruple powered BL-120 mounts. [30][31] However, the sinking of the Israeli destroyer INS Eilat in 1967 by anti-ship missiles fired from an Egyptian missile boat led to a re-think of the use of surface ships in the role. [9] The Navy made a serious proposal in 1925 to convert Izmail, the ship closest to completion, to an aircraft carrier, but this plan was later cancelled as a result of political maneuvering on the part of the Red Army. [10], The high speed demanded of the Stalingrads required four TV-4 geared steam turbines, each producing 70,000 shaft horsepower (52,199 kW) and driving one propeller. [8] Subsequently, plans were raised to complete Kinburn and Navarin to a modified design with 16-inch (406 mm) guns, which again failed due to the difficulty in either obtaining guns from overseas, or manufacturing them domestically. [11], The forward conning tower had a forward face of 250 mm (9.8 in) that thinned down to 225 mm on the aft section with a 100-millimeter (3.9 in) roof. They were powered by twelve water-tube boilers at a pressure of 66 kg/cm2 (6,472 kPa; 939 psi) at a temperature of 460 °C (860 °F). The Stalingrad-class battlecruiser, also known as Project 82 (Russian: Тяжёлые крейсера проекта 82), was a Soviet battlecruiser design from 1941. [10], The armor scheme of the battlecruisers was quite complex with armor plates of no less than 25 different thicknesses used. The 130 mm turrets were only protected by 25 mm (0.98 in) of armor as splinter protection. The Ganguts were the first class of Russian dreadnoughts. It had no chance of ever being built in the conditions of 1916-17 Russia, but shows a Russian attempt at the post-Jutland battleship. One curious feature was that the first and second bulkheads were concave in profile. [2], Admiral Nikolai Kuznetsov believed that these ships could protect the planned Soviet aircraft carriers in bad weather from American cruisers and pushed to have them built, but the Shipbuilding Commissariat balked. [32] Equipped with both anti-ship and anti-submarine missiles, as well as area defence and point defence surface to air missiles, torpedoes and a pair of 100-millimetre (3.9 in) guns, the ship gave the Soviet Union a visible platform for power projection in the immediate absence of large aircraft carriers. "You cannot blindly copy the Americans and English, they face different conditions, their ships travel far over the ocean, out of touch with their bases. A Russian crew found its way to the United Kingdom at the beginning of 1944 and commissioned the battleship officially as the Arkhangelsk on May 30, 1944. The fate of Frunze, renamed as Admiral Lazarev, was less clear, as the intention was to carry out an inspection of the ship to determine its overall condition once work on Admiral Nakhimov was completed. Undeterred, the Navy continued studying cruiser designs and planned a ten-year construction program for the period 1946–1955. [3] However, World War I and the Russian Civil War interrupted the construction of the Russian Borodino-class ships and all were scrapped. The battlecruiser story started with the British, so it seems only fair to examine their World War II battlecruisers first. Two ships were laid down in 1939, but development of their new guns lagged significantly behind their construction and six 38-centimeter (15 in) twin-gun turrets were ordered from Germany in 1940. The United States Navy is the biggest and most powerful in the world. The original form of the bow was similar to that of the Chapayev-class light cruisers, but sea trials of the lead ship of that class in December 1950 – January 1951 proved that she was very wet forward, which hindered her seakeeping ability. [14], Twenty-four 45-millimeter (1.8 in) 78-caliber light anti-aircraft guns were to be carried by the Stalingrads in six quadruple SM-20-ZIF power-driven, fully enclosed mounts. [19], The Navy reissued its requirements for a large cruiser to destroy enemy light cruisers in 1943, but none of the designs submitted were acceptable. Moskva was planned to be 11.5% finished, but was only 7.5% done. The start of World War I slowed their construction still further as the foreign orders were often not delivered and domestic production was diverted into things more immediately useful for the war effort. These last weapons were changed to 25 mm (0.98 in) in 1945. The Soviet Navy that fought in WW2 was a small (comparatively however on a larger scale than the kriegsmarine) in 1941, but with losses and fall in wartime production, dwindled rapidly; Nevertheless she was still an asset that Stalin used at best in the black sea and the Baltic until 1945. It has 430 ships in active service or in reserve. The Stalingrad-class battlecruiser, also known as Project 82 (Russian: Тяжёлые крейсера проекта 82), was a Soviet battlecruiser design from 1941. The opening of Operation Barbarossa a month later rendered these plans moot as both the Project 82 and the Kronshtadt (Project 69) classes were put on hold. Poltava (1911) [ renamed Frunze in 1926 ] was the second of the Gangut-class battleships of the Imperial Russian Navy built before World War I. The Russian Battleship Marat; The Russian Battleship Marat. Stalin intervened several times during the design process and ordered the ship's displacement reduced to 36,500 metric tons (35,924 long tons) and speed increased to 35 knots (65 km/h; 40 mph) as well as specifying its armament as 305 mm guns, rather than the 220 mm (8.7 in) guns preferred by the Navy. The waterline forward of the citadel was protected by a 50-millimeter (2.0 in) splinter belt all the way to the bow, with a similar extension aft to the steering gear compartment. In the last field, this ship has the biggest radar antenna mounted on foremast. They were to be fitted in a new twin-gun BL-109A dual-purpose mount. First, it is aiming to offer interesting and useful information about WW2. This ship has an impressive armament of missiles and gun and an impressive collection of electronics. [20], Stalingrad's formal keel-laying was on 31 December 1951 and it was hoped that she could be launched on 6 November 1953, the eve of the 36th anniversary of the October Revolution. The ships of the Stalingrad class were 260 meters long at the waterline and 273.6 meters long overall. In 1992 it was renamed Admiral Ushakov. The Giuis-2 also interfered with ultra-shortwave radio reception. [4], The Navy revived its requirement for a "cruiser-killer" during the war, but the design process was quite lengthy as questions as to its armament, speed and size were debated. Construction of the ships was delayed as many domestic factories were already overloaded with orders and some components had to be ordered from abroad. The new design was significantly larger and was also tasked with dealing with German pocket battleships. When the admirals responded to his question about the purpose of these ships by saying that they were to fight the enemy's heavy cruisers, he contradicted them and said that their purpose was to fight light cruisers: "It is necessary to increase its speed to 35 knots and create a cruiser that will cause panic among the enemy's light cruisers, disperse and destroy them. The original role was for a light, fast ship intended to break up attacks by British fast-cruiser forces that might attempt bombardment of Russia's northern ports. Soviet electronics were still fairly primitive during this period and the trials of the light cruiser Sverdlov, which carried many of these systems, revealed that the effective range of the Rif-A surface-search radar was less than that of the Yakor and Zalp fire-control radars. Each individual gun weighed 4.88 t (4.80 long tons; 5.38 short tons) and the complete turret weighed 65.2 t (64.2 long tons; 71.9 short tons). [10], The TsKB-17 design bureau proposed variants of the design with both cruise and ballistic missiles. [23], The capsizing of the battleship Novorossiysk in Sevastopol harbor on 29 October 1955 delayed salvage operations on Stalingrad until the end of the year. The initial dates of the ships correspond to the launch time, followed by a separation that indicates their retirement or final date. [32][40][34] The first ship, Kirov (renamed as Admiral Ushakov) is projected to eventually be scrapped, as it has already been defuelled,[41] while Kalinin (renamed as Admiral Nakhimov), considered to be in better condition, is intended to undergo a major overhaul to return her to active service by 2021. It was a smaller and less-expensive counterpart to the Kronshtadt -class battlecruisers of 1939. It had a vertical height of 5.25 m (17.2 ft), 1.7 m (5 ft 7 in) of which was below the design waterline. 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